Wright's penultimate paragraph is simply silly. I personally faced the McCarran Committee (Senate) in 1952 for the crime of writing a book; Joe McCarthy in 1953 for the same book and for an article in the American Sociological Review; HUAC in 1960 for anti-Cold-War broadcasts on Pacifica and also the San Francisco public TV station. I was expelled from college permanently before my sixteenth birthday; was blacklisted from academe for 22 years, 1947-69 (having been invited to teach at Syracuse and to a post-doc at Stanford based on my books despite like of formal education), from publishing for 18 (1946-1964) after have had four publishing contracts, with advances big enough to support my family on, in four years; from salaried print journalism permanently at the end of World War II, after having entered it at the top, with my own national byline; from professional lecturing permanently as well, after having been under the management of the same outfit that handled Eleanor Roosevelt. So I know something about repression. But I have, obviously, not been executed or lynched; never served more than one-day jail sentences; never beaten by a cop although a participant in hundreds of demonstrations, strike picket-lines, and you name it. Friends of mine -- people I can say with confidence who respect me as I respected them (see correspondence in my SAYING NO TO POWER) -- have served repeated substantial jail terms, have survived the war in Spain, have been sunk on ships carrying Lend-Lease to Murmansk; have been staked out to dry in the sun by the OSS at the end of their usefulness to it behind the Italian lines in World War II; have been beaten badly by the cops. I walked the Rosenberg children around Shea Stadium one day when their parents were awaiting execution. I repeat: I know what repression is. I am white. The people I have spoken of in the paragraph above were (some still are; most aren't any more) white and Black and Japanese-American. That whites suffered political repression, up to and including execution, is fact. It is also fact that the police and prosecutorial and judicial psychology (fundamentally race prejudice) that results in the wry expression, "driving while Black," extends into every manifestation of repression, so that the longer sentences, more brutal treatment, refusal of medical care in jail, being put in the hole, etc., etc., etc., manifest themselves in directly political repression as they do in the indirect repression that has made it possible to extract super-profits from the lower wages paid to Blacks. William Mandel
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