Humanist Archives Vol. 19 by subject
- (put editor) recent neglect
- 19.001 Happy 18th birthday to Humanist
- 19.002 digital library fellows at Illinois (Urbana-Champaigne)
- 19.003 methodology of surveying
- 19.004 text-analysis in the (Canadian) news
- 19.005 conferences (non-Canadian)
- 19.006 Canadian humanities computing in the news (again...)
- 19.007 events: Computers & Writing; ESSLLI; Copyright Symposium
- 19.008 digital microhistory
- 19.009 Medieval and Modern Thought Text Digitization Project
- 19.010 erratum in unum, erratum in omnes?
- 19.011 methodology of surveying
- 19.012 anatomy of threads
- 19.014 falsum in uno...
- 19.015 surveying surveying
- 19.016 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.17
- 19.017 what the Internet is doing to scholarship
- 19.018 Call for Bids: TEI Members Meeting, 2006
- 19.019 Literary and Linguistic Computing 20.2
- 19.020 tools for imagining
- 19.021 Cultural Heritage and New Technologies, Vienna, 11/05
- 19.022 googlizing books, internetting scholarship
- 19.023 digital microhistory
- 19.024 Digital Humanities / Humanities Computing Summer Institute
- 19.025 On accessing subscription-only essays
- 19.026 files in WordMarc
- 19.027 Bell's access everywhere
- 19.028 transdisciplinarity?
- 19.029 file-conversion
- 19.030 state of the Internet: what is to be done?
- 19.031 review of book on phonostatistics and typology
- 19.032 new on WWW: AHDS Newsletter Spring/Summer 2005
- 19.033 state of the Internet: some helpful suggestions
- 19.034 job for a software engineer
- 19.035 public access vs pay-per-view
- 19.036 and you thought the Internet was bad....
- 19.037 D-Lib 5/05; JoDI call for papers on adaptive hypermedia
- 19.038 ACH/ALLC 2005; Summit on Digital Tools for the Humanities
- 19.039 NSF and NEH launch effort to digitally archive dying languages
- 19.040 workshop: Semantic Web Technologies for Machine Translation
- 19.041 state of the Internet: what is to be done
- 19.042 diagnosis of mousey woes
- 19.043 Literary Jounals in Canada: The Next Generation
- 19.044 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.17
- 19.045 conferences
- 19.046 hegemonic Google and the state of the Internet
- 19.047 citations? sameness of words? computer-assisted translation?
- 19.048 new on WWW: Subject Index to Literature on Electronic Sources of Information 5/05
- 19.049 live Webcast of Pirates, Thieves and Innocents: Perceptions of Copyright Infringement
- 19.050 ouroboric Google and the Internet
- 19.051 new on WWW (E-Lit Organization Website) & a critical comment
- 19.052 new book series in humanities computing
- 19.053 Digital Resources in the Humanities 2005
- 19.054 ouroboric Google and the Internet
- 19.055 Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 9.3
- 19.056 new on WWW: Face of Text; Ubiquity 6.18
- 19.057 AHRC E-Science Initiative and ICT Strategy Projects (U.K.)
- 19.058 cfp for CLCWeb: "Representing Humanity in an Age of Terror"
- 19.059 events: Cyberworlds; TEI; Computational Linguistics
- 19.060 Music-to-Knowledge update
- 19.062 call for papers on Web Information Fusion
- 19.063 conferences; course & workshop call
- 19.064 new publication & workshop on computing & ethics
- 19.065 "pi / lambda"?
- 19.066 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.19
- 19.067 Extreme news
- 19.068 pi/lambda
- 19.069 COCH/COSH brief report
- 19.070 new on WWW: CIT Infobits; National Digital Newspaper Program (U.S.)
- 19.071 conferences
- 19.072 sabbatical positions at Rovira i Virgili
- 19.073 pi/lambda
- 19.074 new book: Il manuale Tei Lite
- 19.075 visual imagination and memory
- 19.076 new on WWW: Innovate for 7/05; FQS 6.2 on Qualitative Inquiry
- 19.077 sustainable computing
- 19.078 visual imagination and memory
- 19.079 summer school; workshop
- 19.080 visual imagination
- 19.081 new on WWW: webstreams from ICT&Creativity Conference
- 19.082 Romantic Circles' Poets on Poets; Partonopeus de Blois
- 19.083 visual imagination
- 19.084 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.20
- 19.085 call for chapters: Information Technology Ethics
- 19.086 job at NYU in the Digital Library Program
- 19.087 Paul Robeson as Othello: which edition?
- 19.088 visual imagination
- 19.089 Project MUSE Functionality Study
- 19.090 Robeson as Othello
- 19.091 visual imagination
- 19.092 Quotation from Othello? NO! Hamlet
- 19.093 NWeSP-2005 Web Services conference
- 19.094 postdoc in humanities computing
- 19.095 visualization and narrative
- 19.096 new on WWW: Scholarly Electronic Publishing Bibliography 58
- 19.097 request for books of abstracts, DRH and ALLC/ACH
- 19.098 visualization and narrative
- 19.099 request for books of abstracts, DRH and ALLC/ACH
- 19.100 request for books of abstracts, DRH and ALLC/ACH
- 19.101 Announcements
- 19.102 visualization and narrative
- 19.103 job at King's College London
- 19.104 visualization and narrative
- 19.105 visualization and narrative
- 19.106 TEI-C call for nominations
- 19.107 TEI-C call for nominations (correction)
- 19.108 Digital Humanities 2006: Call for Papers
- 19.109 call for submissions
- 19.110 events
- 19.111 phylogenetics of language
- 19.112 words and pictures
- 19.113 new on WWW: Ubiquity, CIT Infobits, ISCOL 2005 presentations
- 19.114 recent neglect
- 19.115 sessions of interest at Extreme Markup Languages 2005
- 19.116 Myth, practice, theory
- 19.117 new on WWW: DDQ 4.2
- 19.118 Digital Humanities 2006 update; LPAR-12
- 19.119 ESF Consultation questionnaire
- 19.120 new on WWW: EMLS for 5/05 & announcements
- 19.121 E. W. Beth Dissertation Prize Winner
- 19.122 events
- 19.123 job at King's College London
- 19.124 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.24
- 19.125 Central and Eastern European Online Library
- 19.126 job at JSTOR
- 19.127 conferences: DRH 2005; WWW 2006
- 19.128 recent events in London
- 19.129 ergonomic mouse-mat?
- 19.130 Digital Medievalist Sessions at Leeds 2006
- 19.131 job at SLAIS, University College London
- 19.132 London and the Google'd world
- 19.133 ergonomic mouse-mats
- 19.134 digital technologies in citizen journalism
- 19.135 an historical example?
- 19.136 an historical example of scholarly exploration & trading
- 19.137 telecommunications and terrorism
- 19.139 the trouble with tribbles
- 19.140 an historical example of scholarly exploration & trading
- 19.141 the trouble with tribbles
- 19.142 call for proposals: Forward Looks (ESF)
- 19.143 questions about Busa's Index Thomisticus
- 19.145 CCH, King's College London, in the news
- 19.146 conferences
- 19.147 events in London and CMC
- 19.148 Perfect phylogenetic networks?
- 19.149 Web page archives - interesting legal mess
- 19.150 ecoComputing
- 19.151 job at Dartmouth
- 19.153 what's fit for publication
- 19.154 new on WWW: Innovate-Live Webcast for July
- 19.156 2005 Humanities and Technology Conference
- 19.157 in their own image?
- 19.158 new publication: Cognition, Technology & Work 7.1
- 19.159 Survey of Librarian Role in Online Era
- 19.160 new on WWW: D-Lib July/August 2005
- 19.161 conferences
- 19.162 beyond disciplines
- 19.163 new books
- 19.164 new on WWW: Baudrillard Studies 4; Ubiquity 6.26
- 19.165 beyond disciplines
- 19.166 beyond disciplines
- 19.167 recognized disciplines (and computing)?
- 19.168 beyond disciplines
- 19.169 recognized disciplines (and computing)
- 19.170 beyond disciplines
- 19.171 "Digital Scholarship, Digital Culture", ISR 30.2, June 2005```
- 19.172 figures in a calculation
- 19.173 "dry photography"?
- 19.174 ACLS Digital Innovation Fellowship program
- 19.175 Organdi Quarterly 8/9: secrecy/ le secret
- 19.176 dry photography
- 19.177 Humanist searching restored
- 19.178 Research into Educational Software Development
- 19.179 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.27
- 19.180 dry photography (delayed message)
- 19.181 Humanist searching improved
- 19.182 dry and wet photography
- 19.183 source for a proverb?
- 19.184 early contacts with computing
- 19.185 job at Princeton
- 19.186 source for a proverb
- 19.187 new book on Virtual Ethnicity
- 19.188 size of the phonemic inventory?
- 19.189 new on WWW: Innovate 8-9/05; Ubiquity 6.28
- 19.190 ESF call for proposals
- 19.191 DRH 2005 add. call for posters
- 19.192 job in e-publishing at Penn
- 19.193 new on WWW: Hypermedia Joyce; CIT Infobits
- 19.194 events: Summer Institute course; TEI meeting; CEEMAS05
- 19.195 postdoc in humanities computing at Victoria
- 19.196 new publications: Poesis & Praxis; Acta Informatica
- 19.197 Digital Heritage and Preservation 2005
- 19.198 writing history of what's happening
- 19.199 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.29; Open Access Webliography
- 19.200 library database reaches 1 billion items
- 19.201 professional use of blogs
- 19.202 Fedora conference; TEI Members' meeting
- 19.203 recognized disciplines (and computing)
- 19.204 new publications
- 19.205 new on WWW: Academic Commons
- 19.206 professional use of blogs
- 19.207 writing history of what's happening
- 19.208 cfp on Wikis: Unsettling the Frontiers of Cyberspace
- 19.209 Writing Across the Curriculum
- 19.210 recognized disciplines (and computing)
- 19.211 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.30
- 19.212 ESF Call for Scientific Programme Proposals
- 19.213 ESF Call for Forward Looks
- 19.214 EEBO In Undergraduate Studies Essay Contest
- 19.215 how far collaboration?
- 19.216 collaboration
- 19.217 ICHIM conference, September 2005
- 19.218 Wikis, settlers, cowboys, and natives
- 19.219 CaSTA 02 released
- 19.220 calls for papers: JoDI; 3 conferences
- 19.221 collaboration
- 19.222 E-Poetry 2005
- 19.223 conference call: RANLP'05
- 19.224 failure of interdisciplinarity
- 19.226 5th International PhD School in Formal Languages and Applications
- 19.227 failure of interdisciplinarity
- 19.228 events: Natural Language & KR; Intellectual Property
- 19.229 failure of interdisciplinarity
- 19.231 failure of interdisciplinarity
- 19.232 Technology Source archives now online
- 19.233 JoDI call for papers on spatial hypermedia
- 19.234 failure of interdisciplinarity
- 19.235 survey on longevity of optical storage
- 19.236 history of personal computing
- 19.237 Glasperlenspielerei
- 19.238 source for two Heidegger papers?
- 19.239 which ACM SIG?
- 19.240 many taxonomies vs the massively encoded
- 19.241 introductions to activities in computational linguistics?
- 19.242 call for papers: Answer Set Programming
- 19.243 introductions to computational linguistics
- 19.244 Humanities and Technology Conference
- 19.245 Introspection on Influences
- 19.246 many taxonomies vs the massively encoded
- 19.247 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.32
- 19.248 introductions to computational linguistics
- 19.249 many taxonomies
- 19.250 call for revelations: Digital Disasters
- 19.251 failure of interdisciplinarity
- 19.252 many taxonomies
- 19.253 Digital Sessions at Kalamazoo 2006
- 19.255 personified software?
- 19.256 spelling Ozymandias
- 19.257 Call for Papers - Special Issue of JCMC
- 19.258 disciple-disciplinarian-discipline
- 19.259 personified software
- 19.261 more device-mediated citizen journalism
- 19.262 introductions to computational linguistics
- 19.263 job as Digital Publications Manager, Berkeley
- 19.264 more on oZZy (was it because London is the City of OXO?)
- 19.265 personified software
- 19.266 keeping the house
- 19.267 MITH Fellowship for Scholars Affected by Katrina
- 19.268 many taxonomies
- 19.269 anthropomorphism (personification)
- 19.270 guides to computational linguistics
- 19.271 CASTA 2005: workshops and symposium
- 19.272 ICT Map for Arts and Humanities Research (UK)
- 19.273 new on WWW: Infobits correction; Scholarly E-Publishing Bib, ver 59
- 19.274 good news: funding for Stanford Encyc of Philosophy, for scholars affected by Katrina
- 19.275 call for papers: Pragmatics of Computer-Mediated Communication
- 19.276 personification and anthropomorphism in software
- 19.277 new publication: Glottometrics 9 (2005)
- 19.278 new on WWW: Human IT 8:1
- 19.279 guides to computational linguistics
- 19.280 cfp: TEI members' meeting
- 19.281 spelling Ozymandias PERSONAL, I said!
- 19.282 good news: funding for Stanford Encyc of Philosophy, for scholars affected by Katrina
- 19.283 personification and anthropomorphism in software
- 19.284 TEI 2005 members' meeting
- 19.285 BSA Fellowship Announcement
- 19.286 CFP i-C&P 2006 France
- 19.287 library jobs at Maryland and Washington University
- 19.288 author of quotation?
- 19.289 conferences
- 19.290 knowledge festivities
- 19.291 deep access
- 19.292 fellowships
- 19.293 digital librarian job at Maryland
- 19.294 personification and anthropomorphism in software
- 19.295 new and renewed on WWW
- 19.296 author of quotation: Sir James Jeans
- 19.297 symposium, colloquium, conferences
- 19.298 deep access
- 19.299 Librarian for Digital Repository at University of Maryland
- 19.300 new publications
- 19.301 Contemplation and time to think?
- 19.302 Community Memory
- 19.303 author of quotation
- 19.304 contemplation and computing
- 19.305 research fellowship in CL
- 19.306 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.35
- 19.307 contemplation and computing
- 19.308 author of quotation
- 19.309 contemplation and computing
- 19.310 job in humanities computing; European Young Investigator Awards
- 19.311 Internet Resources for Modern Languages
- 19.312 contemplation and computing
- 19.313 research positions; conference bursaries
- 19.314 call for chapters: Linguistic and Cultural Online Communication
- 19.315 contemplation and computing
- 19.316 new on WWW: FQS 6.3: State of the Art of Qualitative Research in Europe
- 19.317 contemplation and computing
- 19.318 Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 30.3
- 19.319 teaching literature online?
- 19.320 new on WWW: Subject Index; Ubiquity; CIT Infobits
- 19.321 contemplation and computing
- 19.322 contemplation and computing
- 19.323 new publication: Language Resources and Evaluation
- 19.324 Central and Eastern European Online Library
- 19.325 conference on Natural Language and Knowledge Representation
- 19.326 contemplation and computing
- 19.327 sabbatical positions, 2005-12
- 19.328 new book: Humanities Computing (Palgrave, 2005)
- 19.329 new book: Humanities Computing
- 19.330 contemplation and computing
- 19.331 new publications: Developing Linguistic Corpora; Early Modern Literary Studies 11.2
- 19.332 conferences, symposium
- 19.333 contemplation and computing
- 19.334 job at Stanford
- 19.335 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.37
- 19.336 conference: Computers and Philosophy 2006
- 19.337 contemplation and computing
- 19.338 wordprocessing, foul papers, genetic study?
- 19.339 cfp: Personalisation of Computing & Services (JoDI)
- 19.340 contemplation and computing
- 19.341 job: Director, Media Studies Program, UVa
- 19.342 wordprocessing, foul papers, genetic study
- 19.343 cfp: Human IT, on electronic records
- 19.344 conferences: ELPUB, EACL
- 19.345 contemplation and computing
- 19.346 fellowship in Early Modern Literature and Media Technology
- 19.348 invitation to participate: La Biennale di Venezia
- 19.349 contemplation and computing
- 19.350 wordprocessing, foul papers, genetic study
- 19.351 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.38
- 19.352 conferences: CICLing; Arts and Technology
- 19.353 contemplation and computing
- 19.354 criticism of Wikipedia
- 19.355 wordprocessing, foul papers, genetic study
- 19.356 new on WWW: JoDI 6.2 (in its new home)
- 19.357 calls for papers: Organdi; Digital Humanities Quarterly
- 19.358 conferences
- 19.359 contemplation and computing
- 19.360 Wikipedia defended
- 19.361 conference, workshop, colloquium
- 19.362 Medici Archive fellowships
- 19.363 new publications: LNCS 3792; LLC 20.4; LNCS 3807
- 19.364 Wikipedia
- 19.365 Wikipedia
- 19.366 new on WWW: Google Print Controversy; Ubiquity 6.39
- 19.367 call for papers: Digital Humanities 2006 (Paris)
- 19.368 contemplation and computing
- 19.369 Paul Fortier 1939-2005
- 19.370 new publication: "Digital History: A Guide"
- 19.371 Wikipedia
- 19.372 call for reviewers: ACM Computing Reviews
- 19.373 Third IEEE European Conference on Web Services
- 19.374 contemplation and computing
- 19.375 new publications: biometric recognition; academic identity construction
- 19.376 Wikipedia
- 19.377 contemplation and computing
- 19.378 new publication: essays by Louis Armand
- 19.379 Wikipedia
- 19.380 contemplation
- 19.381 new publication: Digital goods and the concept of the commons
- 19.382 currency of Web pages
- 19.383 Wikipedia
- 19.384 call for papers: The Heroic Age
- 19.385 collegiality
- 19.386 EACL workshop: Bringing Psycholinguistics and Computational Linguistics Together
- 19.387 contemplation
- 19.388 Wikipedia
- 19.389 professorship & postdoc at De Montfort (UK)
- 19.390 collegiality
- 19.391 contemplation and computing
- 19.392 Wikipedia
- 19.393 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.40
- 19.394 summer school: ESSLLI 2006 student session
- 19.395 contemplation and computing
- 19.396 Lyman Award nominations open; Unsworth's Lyman Award address
- 19.397 VR scholarly editions?
- 19.398 Wikipedia: comments & a call for participants
- 19.399 VR scholarly editions
- 19.401 contemplation & collegiality
- 19.402 VR scholarly editions
- 19.403 Wikipedia
- 19.407 Canadian graduate student award
- 19.408 Grad Student Conference; student session at EACL 2006
- 19.409 new publication: UCLA Journal of Education & Information Studies 1.2
- 19.410 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.41
- 19.411 contemplation and computing
- 19.412 calls: Transactions on the Web papers; Best of the Web nominations
- 19.413 VR scholarly editions
- 19.414 cfp: Computers and Philosophy 2006
- 19.415 not exactly plagiarism
- 19.416 new journal: Artifact
- 19.417 junior research positions, Rovira i Virgili
- 19.418 new publication: AI & Society 19.3; note on Artifact
- 19.419 VR scholarly editions
- 19.420 conference: Perspectives of System Informatics
- 19.421 job: Director, Virginia Center for Digital History
- 19.422 cfp from gnovis, new peer-reviewed graduate student online journal
- 19.423 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.42; D-Lib 11/05
- 19.424 conference: Methods for Modalities
- 19.425 leading-edge research at MIT
- 19.426 VR scholarly editions
- 19.427 le Goff on specialization
- 19.428 quotation from St Bonaventure's Itinerarium?
- 19.429 VR scholarly editions
- 19.430 workshop, conference
- 19.431 le Goff on specialization
- 19.432 publications: Semioticon; Literary and Linguistic Computing
- 19.433 relational database and TEI?
- 19.434 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.43
- 19.435 Access to Knowledge writing competition and cfp
- 19.436 relational database and TEI
- 19.437 new publications
- 19.439 new on WWW: Latin podcasting
- 19.440 Latin podcasting continued
- 19.441 portable computing
- 19.442 relational database and TEI
- 19.444 portable computing
- 19.445 relational database and TEI
- 19.446 the present future of computing
- 19.447 Job openings at NCSA
- 19.448 portable computing
- 19.449 the present future of computing
- 19.450 portable computing
- 19.451 relational database and TEI
- 19.452 philosophy of design?
- 19.453 the present future of computing
- 19.454 relational database and TEI
- 19.455 one-day humanities computing conference
- 19.456 philosophy of design
- 19.457 "Digital Scholarship, Digital Culture" & the latest from ISR
- 19.458 relational database and TEI
- 19.459 wireless cities
- 19.460 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.44
- 19.461 you get what you pay for?
- 19.462 Computing and Philosophy (4th European meeting)
- 19.463 philosophy of design
- 19.464 relational database and TEI
- 19.465 wireless cities (and fields)
- 19.466 Teaching the Reading of Texts (Glasgow, 7/12)
- 19.467 philosophy of design: renewed call
- 19.468 jobs: lectureship and chair at Goldsmiths, London
- 19.469 path-dependencies
- 19.470 relational database and TEI
- 19.471 conferences: Text, Speech & Dialogue; Internet Research
- 19.472 professorship in digital humanities at Lancaster
- 19.473 relational database and TEI
- 19.474 Wikipedia: not such a wonderful world?
- 19.475 new on WWW: Infobits 11/05; Camena
- 19.476 conferences; school; seminar
- 19.477 Make magazine?
- 19.478 the present future of computing
- 19.479 relational database (and TEI)
- 19.480 Wikipedia: not such a wonderful world
- 19.481 conferences: Ontology Based Modelling; Digital Philology and Medieval Texts
- 19.482 research assistant post
- 19.483 Make magazine
- 19.484 blog & Listserv directories?
- 19.485 VR scholarly editions
- 19.486 Wikipedia: not such a wonderful world (but an interesting one, vide infra)
- 19.487 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.45
- 19.488 blog & Listserv directories?
- 19.489 conference: ESSLLI 2006 Student Session
- 19.490 UVic Image Markup Tool release
- 19.491 new publications: Soft Computing; AI & Society
- 19.492 Wikipedia: not such a wonderful world
- 19.493 blog directories
- 19.494 Wikipedia and citation
- 19.495 blog directories
- 19.496 cfp for CLiP 2006; call for Art On-Line
- 19.497 Wikipedia
- 19.498 new on WWW: Scholarly Electronic Publishing Bibliography ver 60
- 19.499 blog directories
- 19.500 new publications: ubiquitous computing; virtual reality
- 19.501 blog directories
- 19.502 Call for participation: DHQ-tech
- 19.504 conferences: information retrieval; techno-remixing
- 19.505 Lyman reminder
- 19.506 Wikipedia and citation
- 19.507 the Richard Finneran Award
- 19.508 EACL Workshop on Making sense of sense
- 19.509 literary scholarship
- 19.510 the moral of Wikipedia's story?
- 19.511 CS colloquium; digital humanities conference
- 19.512 critical editing and critical reading
- 19.513 Wikipedia storied, vindicated, natured, reviewed
- 19.514 new on WWW: D-Lib for 12/05
- 19.515 summer school courses; conference
- 19.516 VR scholarly editions
- 19.517 Wikipedia and critical thinking
- 19.518 digital humanities at the MLA; Hypertext 2006
- 19.519 on the solstice: critical thinking and Christmas
- 19.520 VR scholarly editions
- 19.521 Wikipedia
- 19.522 new on WWW: Ubiquity 6.47
- 19.523 jobs at the CCH, King's College London
- 19.524 Busa Award nominations
- 19.525 appeal from the Creative Commons
- 19.526 Merry Whatevers!
- 19.527 Digital Philology conference
- 19.528 job and research positions
- 19.529 workshop (WWW), conference (quantitative methods), seminar (social fragility)
- 19.530 VR scholarly editions
- 19.531 (critical) thinking and button-pushing
- 19.532 events: Ontology-based modelling; GIS and history; digital rights management
- 19.533 publications: Ambient Findability; Multimedia Systems
- 19.534 (critical) thinking and button pushing
- 19.535 Ubiquity 6.48
- 19.536 conferences: system informatics; digital libraries
- 19.537 CLIR fellowship program; Busa Award nominations
- 19.538 a cautionary tale?
- 19.539 (critical) thinking and button pushing
- 19.540 VR scholarly editions
- 19.541 a cautionary tale
- 19.542 critical thinking
- 19.543 jobs at CCH, King's College London
- 19.544 VR scholarly editions
- 19.545 update on the grad student conference in Toronto
- 19.546 critical thinking